13.00

Nepal I: Thrown Aside

Sweat Drenched Land
Nepal 2010, 31 min.
Director: Arun Pradhan
Producer: Indigenous Film Archive (IFA) in association with ILO
Languages: Magar, English; subtitles: English
In the 1970s, when the government of Nepal became interested in the water of the Rai people in Dharan, over 200 families were relocated with scarcely any compensation from the fertile region. They were forced to live in a land of poverty and hard labor. With the traditional caretakers of nature gone, pollution is about to ruin the environment. Now the relocated families have begun to demand their rights.

Lives of Jawang
Nepal 2008, 35 min.
Director: Ramesh Khadka
Producer: Manju Sharma
Languages: Chepang, Nepal; subtitles: English
In the rocky hills, the Chepangs of Jawang live in poverty, far from the political and economic development that is gaining ground elsewhere. Education and health services are only a distant dream to them. Besides the gathering of wild fruits and tubers, the only job possibilities are at the nearby quarry, where the pay is 125 rupees (less than two euros) a day. The strong tradition of alcohol consumption, which devours most of their income, does not help the situation.

13.00

Sámi II: Fresh Voices from the North
New short films produced by the Media Course of the Sámi Education Institute (Sogsakk, Inari, Finland), by the International Sámi Film Centre (ISF, Kautokeino, Norway) and by NuorajTV (Tysfjord, Norway).

Almost Like a Winter Dream
Finland 2010, 7 min.
Director: Mariann Aikio
The film tells four stories from the wintery Lake Inari through images, music, poems and atmospheres. Going to check the nets in the morning, lifting the catch on the ice, having coffee by a camp-fire and returning home as an owl calls in the night and wolves howl in the wilderness.

The Color of Pain
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Mariann Aikio
Languages: Finnish
Through a poem, music, pictures and dance, the film tells about life, bad days and a happy end. The film has been shot at a reindeer corral: it is the harvest, and the whole reindeer year is summed up in the form of a round-up.

Different Kind of Reindeer Herder
Finland 2010, 2 min.
Director: Janne Kyrö
Languages: Finnish
A documentary on a reindeer herder who looks different.

Distance
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Pia Mikkilä
Languages: Finnish
A short film on emotional distance to peers.

Internet Addict  
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Matti Kukkola
Languages: Finnish
A man tries to cope with his Internet addiction through a day at school.

My Anár
Finland 2010, 2 min.
Director: Irene Länsman
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
A short film based on a poem that tells about the feelings the filmmaker has for the village of Inari. The film is also a collage of the main street of the village with focus on the bridge over the River Juutua.

Animated Ants
Finland 2010, 3 min.
Director: Jouni West
An animated film on ants.

Sauna
Finland 2010, 2 min.
Director: Jarno Kiimala
Languages: Finnish
Vitali, a Yakutian who lives on Lake Inari, loves the Finnish sauna.

Looking Forward
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Sinituuli Kalttopää, Emma Eira, Mira Kärki
Languages: Finnish
An experimental documentary on the expectations of young people.

Time
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Sunna Kitti
Languages: Finnish
A student from Inari feels distressed about the lack of time. A small realization teaches her to have a new attitude towards time.

From Reindeer Skin into a Boot
Finland 2010, 13,10 min.
Director: Ima Aikio-Arianaick
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
An introduction into making reindeer fur boots.
Rock Reindeer
Finland 2010, about 2 min.
Director: Jarno Kiimala
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
An animated film about rock reindeer that have a gig on the ground.

Sámi Drum
Finland 2010, 1,58 min.
Director: Sampo Issakainen
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
“Sámi Drum” is an animated children’s film in which the figures of the Sámi drum, Ukko and Akka, start to live a life of their own and find out that the drum has a sound.

Wanna b cool
Norway 2009, 6 min.
Director: Save Marie Kvitfjell, Tonje Halonen, Maren Benedicte Storslett, Anne Merete A. Gaup, Karianne Aho, Silja Katrine Hansen
Producer: ISF AS
Languages: Sámi
A young girl is bullied and decides to turn cool in order to cope with the bullies, but this turns out to be harder then she thought.

Peter Gets Even
Norway 2009, 7 min.
Director: Sven Thomas Holm, Anja Marja Keskitalo, Johan Eivind Bals, Ole Marius Holm, Inga Birgitte Hætta, Maret Michelle Mienna Eira, Annele Gaup
Producer: ISF AS
Languages: Sámi
Petter is being bullied, but he finds a way to deal with the situation.

Agent Háhkaoajvve
Norway 2010, 2 min.
Director: Simon Piera Paulsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi; subtitles: English
Agent Háhkaoajvve faces difficulties in trying to keep his community perfect and free of crime.

What Are Today's Young Like in Future?
Norway 2010, 2 min.
Director: Simon Piera Paulsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi; subtitles: English
It is the year 2060. We get to know Piera (70), who was young in 2010. 

Denied Education in the Lule Sámi Language
Norway 2010, 4 min.
Director: Maria Mikkelsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi, Norwegian; subtitles: English
Sami young people in Nordland, Norway, are denied education in the Lule Sámi language in high school, although they have a legal right to it. 

Knut Are Explores Sámi Words
Norway 2010, 2 min.
Director: Maria Mikkelsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi; subtitles: English
Knut Are does some research on Sámi words.

15.00

Sámi III: The Wisdom of Headwind

Jon: Facing the Winds
France/Sweden 2010, 59 min.
Director: Corto Fajal
Producer: Sami Kompania AB/ Arwestud Films
Languages: Sámi, French, Swedish; subtitles: English
A documentary on the yearly cycle of a Sámi reindeer herder, composed jointly by filmmakers from Brittany and Sápmi.

15.00

Nepal II: In Search of the Missing Poet

Dead Yet Alive
Nepal 2008, 45 min.
Director: Sanjog Laaphaa Magar
Producer: Jeet Bahadur Sinjalee Magar Literature Academy
Languages: Magar; subtitles: English
Jeetbahadur Singjali Magar is the first poet writing in the Magar language. His anthology opened a door for the development of the Magar language and culture. In 1968 he disappeared mysteriously and reappeared a few years ago in a small village. But is he the lost poet or just a con man? If he really is the poet, why did he disappear and where has he been all these years?

Danphe Chari
Nepal 2010, 45min
Director: Nabin Subba/ Tsering Rithar Sherpa
Producer: Gopalaya Foundation for Creative Statement
Composer / Songwriter: Gopan Yonjan
Languages: limbu, tekst. englanti
A musical love story of the Danphe bird from the hills and Murali bird from the plains. What appears to be a simple love story is in fact based on today's reality of the need for understanding and appreciation between the people of hills and the plains of Nepal. This musical drama encompasses the issues of the rights and responsibility of the nation as a whole as well as the significant role that can be played by women in peace initiatives. 

17.00

Inuit: As the World Melts

Inuit Knowledge and Climate Change
Canada 2010, 60 min.
Director: Zacharias Kunuk
Producer: Igloolik Isuma Productions
Languages: Inuktitut; subtitles: English
There has been enough scientific talk about climate change. Now it’s the turn of the Canadian Inuit, who have been observing nature’s signs and the changes in the environment. Their observations are alarming and have even provided new information to the scientific community.

17.00

Sámi IV: From the Sámi Tents into the Highlands

The Forgotten Place
Norway 2009, 10 min.
Director: Gjert Rognli
Producer: Gjert Rognli
Languages: -
In the spiritual landscape, a wanderer moves between life and death. The tender and pure meet the vibrant life of pain, and we experience a fight between the inner and outer landscapes of the human mind, in a world colored by our time and fate.

Building a Turf Hut in the Traditional Way
Norway 2010, 10 min.
Director: Solveig Joks
Producer: RiddoDuottarMuseat
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: English
Today, traditional Sámi turf huts are seldom built. Earlier, it was a very common dwelling. Jon Ole Andersen shows the students of the Sámi University College how the turf hut is made only from natural materials: wood, turf and birch bark.

How the Lavvo Is Also a Goahti
Norway 2009, 11 min.
Director: Anne Merete A. Gaup
Producer: International Sami Film Centre/traditional knowledge project
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: English
In the old days, all the Sámi knew the customs that one followed when spending time in a turf hut. In this film, we see how Karen Marie Eira Buljo shows how to build a Sámi tent and what one needs to keep in mind in the tent.

The Secrets of a Mountain
Norway 2010, 28 min.
Director: Thoralf Balto
Producer: NRK Sámi Radio
Languages: North Sámi, Norwegian; subtitles: English
There are holy mountains all around the world, even in China and Japan, and each has its own, mythological reasons for being sacred. One such mountain is the Sámi fell Sálašoaivi near the city of Tromsø in Norway. What do we know abouts its secrets – or what will the Sámi tell about them?

19.00

Sámi V: Nevertheless, It Moves (World Premiere)

Reborn
Finland 2010, 10 min.
Director/Screenwriter: Suvi Kivelä
Producer: Säämi máttááttâskuávdâš / SOGSAKK
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
Aili Koskinen is one of the some 350 speakers of the Inari Sámi language. After marrying a Finn when young, she almost lost her native language that society in no way supported. Now, as a grandmother, she has experienced the return of the language to herself but also, through language immersion, to her grandchildren. Nevertheless, Inari Sámi is still considered an extremely endangered language by the Unesco. World premiere!

Warm Shoes
Finland 2010, 15 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
How are reindeer fur shoes made and where does one get the materials for them? World Premiere!

Making Delicacies
Finland 2010, 13 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
How are reindeer blood sausages made and what are their ingredients? World Premiere!

Fishing with Nets in Winter
Finland 2010, 7 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
Fishing with nets from under the ice in winter. World Premiere!

Fishing with Hooks
Finland 2010, 5 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
How and what kind of hooks are placed under the ice to coax fish? World Premiere!

19.00

Australia: In Hate and Love

Stones
USA 2009, 20 min.
Director: Ty Sanga
Producer: Ty Sanga
Languages: Hawaii; subtitles: English
Love is seldom as permanent and eternal as in this love story of beautiful images that is based on a legend from Hawaii.

Lani’s Story
Australia 2009, 51 min.
Director: Genevieve Grieves
Producer: Blackfella Films
Languages: English
A prize-winning documentary that generated heated discussion in its home country, Australia, about the domestic violence experienced by Aborigines. Beaten, raped and oppressed Lani decides to fight to end the cycle of violence that has been going on for generations. Her struggle becomes a touching description of a woman’s, and eventually of love’s, power to overcome.

21.00

Sámi in the Night

Cujaju
Norja 2010. 3 min.
Director: Gustav Kvaal
Languages: Ande Somby, Britt Kramvig
Producer: Sonar film v/Britt Kramvig
Languages: Sámi yoik
A story told in the form of a Sámi yoik. In it, the hunter Garral goes to hunt for seals on the sea. Cassandra, the spirit of the sea, leads the rowing contest of her folks that have disguised as seals. Garral sees the seals and gets ready to shoot...

Dancing Virgin
Norway 2010, 14 min.
Director: Anstein Mikkelsen
Producer: Siivet AS
Languages: -
According to an old narrative, the northern lights are the souls of dead virgins dancing through the sky. And tonight they indeed dance in the Northern Lights Theater – with choreography created by Sunniva Huglen and the visual elements by Anstein Mikkelsen. World Premiere!

Quite An Ugly Frog
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Pia Mikkilä, Jouni West
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
Languages: -
It is not easy to be ugly in the world of beautiful frogs, especially if there are no love calls in your life. Animated black humor from the “top” of Finland.

Good Enough for Kárašjohka?
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Irene Länsman
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
A film about a woman, who starts to look for her roots after her husband dies.

The Wild Tundra
Norway 2009, 6 min.
Director: Johan Ante Utsi, Inga Marie Risvik, Elle Marja P. Eira, Yvonne Thommassen, Anne Merete A. Gaup, Håkon Isak Vars
Producer: Kautokeino Film / International Sami Film Centre - Directors workshop under mentoring of Nils Gaup
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: English
Two Sámi guys from the wild highlands, a farm boy and a reindeer herder, meet. There are disagreements and conflicts, but it is not easy to be angry at another person in a small community.

Guoros sorbmi
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Jussi Isokoski, Aape Lehtinen
Producer: Tuupa Records
Languages: North Sámi
The band SomBy, whose members come from Vuotso and Inari, won the European minority language song contest Liet in 2009 in the Netherlands. Skábmagovat presents the world premiere of SomBy’s rock music video. World Premiere!

22.30

On Friday night at Hotel Inari, the audience is entertained by the Inari Sámi DJ Stuorraguoika. Let’s dance to the beat of Sámi hits! Tickets € 7.

09.00

Indigenous: The Red Army is Marching Again

Warchild
Canada 2010, 7 min.
Director: Caroline Monnet
Producer: Itwē
Languages: English
A young man’s first-born child makes him think about growing up: even someone with a turbulent past must learn to take responsibility for life; change is inevitable.

Dreamcatcher
Canada 2010, 13 min.
Director: Ryan Atimoyoo
Producer: Gear Room Productions
Languages: English
A disturbing nightmare for one twin takes her on a journey to her neglectful grandmother to interpret the vision, revealing a hidden bond and power that force her to make a life-altering sacrifice in a Cree film.

Suite: Indian
Canada 2005, 63 min.
Director: Shelley Niro
Producer: Turtle Night Productions
Languages: (partly) English
This surprising short film series by a Mohawk director takes an artistic approach to the history, mystery and magic of his people. In the grand finale the "red army" marches stronger than ever – and to the beat of the defunct Soviet Army, of course! Artists, actors and actresses, musicians and dancers interpret the following sequences: 1) Prelude, 2) Mars Thunderchild Gets a Calling, 3) The Park Was Thick in Silence, 4) Kory & Mercedes, 5) Home, 6) Living With Fire / From the Ashes, 7) Dance of the Canoe Pants, 8) The Red Army is the Strongest.

09.00

Sámi VI: Fragments of Happiness in the North Calotte

Sámi VI: Fragments of Happiness in the North Calotte

The Sámi Church Days in Inari (World Premiere)
Norway 2010, 8 min.
Director: Elle Sofe Henriksen
Languages used in film: North sami, south sami, finnish, Norwegian, subtitels in Norwegian
A informative film about the sami church days in Enare. World Premiere!   

The Right to the Land and the Water
Norway 2010, 13 min.
Director: Geir Tore Holm
Producer: Sámi Art Festival
Languages: English
Traditional, local knowledge meets formalized opinions on legislation and public regulations of the use of land and water. The film is based on interviews with people who are affected by and have opinions about the Finnmark Act in Northern Norway: managers, lawyers, politicians, historians, activists, artists and users. The different voices are put in one person’s mouth – at work in the forest.

Soria Moria
Norway 2010, 28 min.
Director: Monica Iren Hansen, Anstein Mikkelsen
Producer: Siivet AS
Languages: Norwegian, Kven, Karelian; subtitles: English
Monica Iren Hansen grew up in a part of Oslo where she as an ethnic Norwegian belonged to a minority. Later she became aware of her multicultural background. Her great grandmother in Finnmark was Kven, who are an old but almost unknown minority in Norway. Together with two 11-year-old girls – one of whom is a Kven from her grandmother’s village Pyssyjoki in Finnmark and the other a Karelian from Petrosavodsk in Russia – Monica starts to uncover the near relationships between two minorities in the Barents region.

Sverre’s Roots
Norway 2010, 28 min.
Director: Anstein Mikkelsen
Producer: Siivet AS
Languages: Norwegian, Sámi; subtitles: English
Everything has a last time, says 80-year-old Sverre Opdahl from Skoganvarre
as he makes tar for the last time in his kiln, ending thus a tradition of hundreds of years. But he will still continue living a life close to nature and harvesting from its
resources with the help of knowledge based upon old Sámi and Kven traditions. We
also get a glimpse of his life: Sverre as a policeman who used reindeer and sledge for transportation, and as an extra in the film "Laila" in 1928.

11.00

Nepal III: Nepal III: In the Shadow of Himalaya

Beyul: Sacred Hidden Valleys of Himalaya
Nepal 2007, 30 min.
Director/Producer: Tsering Rhitar Sherpa
Producer: The Mountain Institute
Languages: Sherpa, English; subtitles: English
The way of thinking prescribed by the traditional culture and Buddhism has protected nature in beyuls, the sacred hidden valleys of the Himalaya Mountains. The Beyul, which enhance the unity of all living things, were created over a thousand years ago as refuges from conflicts, famine and religious persecution. There are over a hundred of them, and they can also be found in Tibet, India and Bhutan. One of them, the valley of Khumbu, is now the national park of Sagarmatha and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Local people, monks and researchers tell of traditions now being threatened by globalization, tourism and climate change. Can the Sherpa language and its traditions survive if the traditional way of thinking is not recognized and the younger generation becomes alienated from the secrets of the sacred valleys?

Twisin – A Reality… Not Far Away
Nepal 2008, 35 min.
Director: Prina Raj Joshi
Producer: Prina Raj Joshi
Languages: Newar; subtitles: English
An illiterate old Newar man, Twisin Awaal, tells about life in the granary of Kathmandu Valley in Nagadesh, where almost 60 percent of the valley’s vegetables are produced, 37,000 kilos a day. The working hours are still long and modern technology and methods are seldom used. But the city of Kathmandu, 10 kilometers away, is rapidly expanding; construction is threatening the fertile areas, and the changes of the modern age present a challenge to the traditional way of life.

11.00

Russia: From the Lands of the Komi to the Hanti

Komi Laplandia
Russia 2010, 37 min.
Director: Aleksandr Pivkin
Producer: KRTK
Languages: Russia, Komi, Finnish; subtitles: English
When the life of the Komi in Russia became difficult in the 1800s, they left in search of something better. Most of them headed east towards Siberia, but one language group – the Izhma – headed west and ended up in Lapland, where their culture was assimilated with the Sami culture during the Soviet years. The documentary of the Komi director maps out this emigration and the current life of the Komi on the Kola Peninsula, also looking at the lives of those who ended up in Finland.

Going after the Sun
Russia 2010, 26 min.
Director: Lev Vahitov
Producer: Lev Vahitov
The Theatre of Ob-Ugric Peoples consists of young actors. Almost all of them were born in small villages and settlements in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra in Russia. They play national musical instruments and perform dances, songs and music of the Khanty and Mansi peoples. Touring in the Beryozovsky region of Ugra, the actors visit local people to learn about national clothes, ornaments, songs, dances and fairy tales. Each song, dance and melody becomes for them a talk with the gods and the spirits of ancient ancestors.

13.00

Sámi VII: The Hard Road to Education (World Premiere)

Sámi VII: The Hard Road to Education (World Premiere)

Finland Entered Sápmi
Finland 2010, 54 min.
Director: Anja Ahola
Producer: Ima filbma- ja sátneduodji
Languages: Finnish, North Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
After World War II, Sámi children in Finland were taken to boarding schools, where they lived in the midst of an unfamiliar language and culture. They were seldom allowed to go home. It was forbidden to speak Sámi at the dormitories. Teaching was Finnish in nature. Assimilation into Finnish culture lefts its marks in the Sámi. Kirsti Länsman, Matti Morottaja and Iisko Sara who grew up in the dormitories of Inari, Ville Hallikainen whose parents were Finnish teachers, and Kaija Maijala who was the caretaker of the dormitory, reminisce about this traumatic time, recalling how confused and homesick the children were in the strange environment. World Premiere!

15.00

Canada: imagineNATIVE

Canada: imagineNATIVE

“Intiaani-, mestitsi- ja inuiittitaiteilijoille – kuten useimmille alkuperäisasukkaille ympäri maailmaa – elokuvanteko on perinteisen suullisen tarinankerronnan jatke. Kanadan alkuperäiskansojen elokuvantekijät ovat omaksuneet tämän taidemuodon tapana ilmaista luovuuttaan, pyrkimyksiään ja omaa todellisuuttaan. Nämä seitsemän lyhytelokuvaa esitettiin imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts -festivaaleilla Torontossa lokakuussa 2010. Tekivätpä nämä huipputaiteilijat sitten animaatiota, draamaa, dokumenttifilmejä tai kokeellisia elokuvia, he edustavat Kanadan alkuperäiskansojen elokuvantekijöiden nopeasti kasvavaa yhteisöä.”

Inuit High Kick
Canada 2009, 3 min.
Director: Alethea Arnaquq-Baril
Producer: Unikkaat Studios Inc.
Languages: -
An ancient test of athleticism and skill is dramatically and sensuously portrayed. Arnaquq-Baril is a producer and director from Iqaluit, Nunavut, where she owns the independent production company Unikkaat Studios.

Keeping Quiet
Canada 2010, 9 min.
Director: Shane Anthony Belcourt
Producer: Winnipeg Film Group
A man attempts to fill the void in his life through classified dating in this beautifully sensitive portrayal of love and loneliness. Shane Belcourt (Métis) is an award-winning filmmaker, writer, and musician based in Toronto, and has made the feature film Tkaronto.

Ne le Dis Pas (Do Not Tell)
Canada 2009, 6 min.
Director: Jani Bellefleur-Kaltush
Producer: Wapikoni Mobile
Languages: French; subtitles: English
A life is forever changed by rumors in this raw and sincere portrayal of a woman struggling to make sense of her past. Director Jani Bellefleur-Kaltush (Innu) began making films through the Wapikoni Mobile training program. WINNER: Best Short Documentary, imagineNATIVE 2010.

Lumaajuq
Canada 2010, 7 min.
Director: Alethea Arnaquq-Baril
Producer: National Film Board of Canada
Languages: -
Based on an Inuit legend, this elegant animation recreates a mesmerizing and haunting tale about a boy who is twisted by bitterness and seeks revenge upon his cruel mother. WINNER: Best Canadian Short Film, imagineNATIVE 2010.

Burnt
Canada/Colombia/USA 2009, 14 min.
Director: Alejandro Valbuena
Producer: Aluna Films Co.
Languages: -
Director Alejandro Valbuena (Kogi) interprets childhood memories to create an electric romance between two young men. Forbidden love has never looked this good! Valbuena is a producer, writer and director, born in Bogota, Colombia. WINNER: Best Experimental Film, imagineNATIVE 2010.

File Under Miscellaneous
Canada 2010, 7 min.
Director: Jeff Barnaby
Producer: Prospector Films
Languages: English, Mi'kmaq; subtitles: English
In a dystopian near-future, a destitute Mi'kmaq man submits himself to a gruesome metamorphosis in order to join the supremacy of the ruling race. Inspired by the poem "Walking Around" by Pablo Neruda, Barnaby depicts total compliance as both brutal and chilling. WINNER: Best Indigenous Language Production, imagineNATIVE 2010.

The Heist
Canada 2010, 7 min.
Director: Leena Minifie
Producer: Stories First Productions
Languages: English
Choreographed in the voguing and waacking dance style that evolved out of New York's underground gay club scene in the 1970s, The Heist is a svelte and sassy cat burglar hunt for the ultimate treasure... a diamond studded shoe.

15.00

Sámi I: In the House of the Winds

Sámi I: In the House of the Winds

Darned Lapp
Sweden 2010, 3 min.
Director: Per-Josef Idivuoma
Producer: IdiStudios
Languages: Swedish; subtitles: English
A guy does not understand why he has become the victim of town-bullies, so he joins a notorious gang to get rid of his problems.

House of Winds
Norway 2009, 58 min.
Director/Screenwriting: Magnar Mikkelsen
Producer: Jabfilm
Languages: Norwegian; subtitles: English
"The day today is passing and nearly over. Only the past is permanent and present." A cinematic essay – dedicated by the Coast Sámi director to his grandchildren – about time, landscape and the things that will be left of us. The film, which covers a time span of several years, documents everyday life in a small village of 30 inhabitants by the fells and the Arctic Ocean. Here, everything is part of something bigger and life and death naturally close to each other.

17.00

Nepal IV: Pinched between Traditions

Nepal IV: Pinched between Traditions

Singjaangofunaam
Nepal 2009, 5 min.
Ohjaus: Mausam Imbung
Tuotanto: AAsh Raj Bokhim
Kieli: limbu
Song search for the reason behind underdevelopment of Limbu community.

Numafung
Nepal 2002, 108 min.
Director: Nabin Subba
Producer: Cap. Chabilal Hangshrong & Nabin Subba
Languages: Nepal, Limbu; subtitles: English
Numafung ("beautiful flower"), the daughter of a poor Limbu family, is being married to a man from the neighboring village. Her life, however, takes an unexpected twist as her husband is severely injured while working in the forest. She finds herself caught in the intricate web of the traditional conceptions of marriage, family honor and her own desires. Nabin Subba, the director of this colorful melodrama, is the Coordinator of the Indigenous Film Archives of Nepal.

17.00

Sámi II: Fresh Voices from the North

Sámi II: Fresh Voices from the North
New short films produced by the Media Course of the Sámi Education Institute (Sogsakk, Inari, Finland), by the International Sámi Film Centre (ISF, Kautokeino, Norway) and by NuorajTV (Tysfjord, Norway).

Almost Like a Winter Dream
Finland 2010, 7 min.
Director: Mariann Aikio
The film tells four stories from the wintery Lake Inari through images, music, poems and atmospheres. Going to check the nets in the morning, lifting the catch on the ice, having coffee by a camp-fire and returning home as an owl calls in the night and wolves howl in the wilderness.

The Color of Pain
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Mariann Aikio
Languages: Finnish
Through a poem, music, pictures and dance, the film tells about life, bad days and a happy end. The film has been shot at a reindeer corral: it is the harvest, and the whole reindeer year is summed up in the form of a round-up.

Different Kind of Reindeer Herder
Finland 2010, 2 min.
Director: Janne Kyrö
Languages: Finnish
A documentary on a reindeer herder who looks different.

Distance
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Pia Mikkilä
Languages: Finnish
A short film on emotional distance to peers.

Internet Addict
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Matti Kukkola
Languages: Finnish
A man tries to cope with his Internet addiction through a day at school.

My Anár
Finland 2010, 2 min.
Director: Irene Länsman
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
A short film based on a poem that tells about the feelings the filmmaker has for the village of Inari. The film is also a collage of the main street of the village with focus on the bridge over the River Juutua.

Animated Ants
Finland 2010, 3 min.
Director: Jouni West
An animated film on ants.

Sauna
Finland 2010, 2 min.
Director: Jarno Kiimala
Languages: Finnish
Vitali, a Yakutian who lives on Lake Inari, loves the Finnish sauna.

Looking Forward
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Sinituuli Kalttopää, Emma Eira, Mira Kärki
Languages: Finnish
An experimental documentary on the expectations of young people.

Time
Finland 2010, 1 min.
Director: Sunna Kitti
Languages: Finnish
A student from Inari feels distressed about the lack of time. A small realization teaches her to have a new attitude towards time.

From Reindeer Skin into a Boot
Finland 2010, 13,10 min.
Director: Ima Aikio-Arianaick
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
An introduction into making reindeer fur boots.

Rock Reindeer
Finland 2010, about 2 min.
Director: Jarno Kiimala
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
An animated film about rock reindeer that have a gig on the ground.

Sámi Drum
Finland 2010, 1,58 min.
Director: Sampo Issakainen
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
“Sámi Drum” is an animated children’s film in which the figures of the Sámi drum, Ukko and Akka, start to live a life of their own and find out that the drum has a sound.

Wanna b cool
Norway 2009, 6 min.
Director: Save Marie Kvitfjell, Tonje Halonen, Maren Benedicte Storslett, Anne Merete A. Gaup, Karianne Aho, Silja Katrine Hansen
Producer: ISF AS
Languages: Sámi
A young girl is bullied and decides to turn cool in order to cope with the bullies, but this turns out to be harder then she thought.

Peter Gets Even
Norway 2009, 7 min.
Director: Sven Thomas Holm, Anja Marja Keskitalo, Johan Eivind Bals, Ole Marius Holm, Inga Birgitte Hætta, Maret Michelle Mienna Eira, Annele Gaup
Producer: ISF AS
Languages: Sámi
Petter is being bullied, but he finds a way to deal with the situation.

Agent Háhkaoajvve
Norway 2010, 2 min.
Director: Simon Piera Paulsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi; subtitles: English
Agent Háhkaoajvve faces difficulties in trying to keep his community perfect and free of crime.

What Are Today's Young Like in Future?
Norway 2010, 2 min.
Director: Simon Piera Paulsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi; subtitles: English
It is the year 2060. We get to know Piera (70), who was young in 2010.

Denied Education in the Lule Sámi Language
Norway 2010, 4 min.
Director: Maria Mikkelsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi, Norwegian; subtitles: English
Sami young people in Nordland, Norway, are denied education in the Lule Sámi language in high school, although they have a legal right to it. 

Knut Are Explores Sámi Words
Norway 2010, 2 min.
Director: Maria Mikkelsen
Producer: NuorajTV
Languages: Lule Sámi; subtitles: English
Knut Are does some research on Sámi words.

18.00

Yakutia: The Travellers of Light (World Premiere)

Yakutia: The Travellers of Light (World Premiere)

Towards the Sun
Russian Federation, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 2011, 50 min.
Director and operator: Marina Kalinina
Language: Russian, Even
Northern indigenous people have a legend about a magic reindeer which brings on its antlers the sun....
This is a story about real nomadic trip which happened on February 2010. The director and operator of this film – Marina Kalinina passed all this way together with people who still live according to laws of  ancient way of living – the life of nomadic reindeer herders (the Evens of Yakutia). The nomadic trip took 12 days. During this time there were passed about 500 kilometers from small village Topolinoe (Tomponskiy ulus-region) till village Oymyakon (the village is called also as The North Pole) in Yakutia. The average temperature was about – 45 C. World Premiere!

19.00

Nepal III: In the Shadow of Himalaya

Beyul: Sacred Hidden Valleys of Himalaya
Nepal 2007, 30 min.
Director/Producer: Tsering Rhitar Sherpa
Producer: The Mountain Institute
Languages: Sherpa, English; subtitles: English
The way of thinking prescribed by the traditional culture and Buddhism has protected nature in beyuls, the sacred hidden valleys of the Himalaya Mountains. The Beyul, which enhance the unity of all living things, were created over a thousand years ago as refuges from conflicts, famine and religious persecution. There are over a hundred of them, and they can also be found in Tibet, India and Bhutan. One of them, the valley of Khumbu, is now the national park of Sagarmatha and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Local people, monks and researchers tell of traditions now being threatened by globalization, tourism and climate change. Can the Sherpa language and its traditions survive if the traditional way of thinking is not recognized and the younger generation becomes alienated from the secrets of the sacred valleys?

Twisin – A Reality… Not Far Away
Nepal 2008, 35 min.
Director: Prina Raj Joshi
Producer: Prina Raj Joshi
Languages: Newar; subtitles: English
An illiterate old Newar man, Twisin Awaal, tells about life in the granary of Kathmandu Valley in Nagadesh, where almost 60 percent of the valley’s vegetables are produced, 37,000 kilos a day. The working hours are still long and modern technology and methods are seldom used. But the city of Kathmandu, 10 kilometers away, is rapidly expanding; construction is threatening the fertile areas, and the changes of the modern age present a challenge to the traditional way of life.

19.30

Saame VIII: Sámi VII: Empowering Tunes

Saame VIII: Sámi VII: Empowering Tunes

Guoros sorbmi
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Jussi Isokoski, Aape Lehtinen
Producer: Tuupa Records
Languages: North Sámi
The band SomBy, whose members come from Vuotso and Inari, won the European minority language song contest Liet in 2009 in the Netherlands. Skábmagovat presents the SomBy’s rock music video.

The Bird of Light
Norway 2010, 49 min.
Director: Liv Inger Somby ja Hans Olav Landsverk
Producer: NRK Sámi Radio
Languages: Sámi, English, Norwegian; subtitles: English
Mari Boine is the internationally best-known Sámi musician; every year, she has more than a hundred concerts all around the world. The documentary tells about the 30-year trip of the artist as the representative of Sámi culture and music between busy cities and the quiet fells of Sápmi. “I want to share my secrets with you, and you will see how I am filled with power upon entering my songs and music.”

21.00

Indigenous Peoples in the Night

Indigenous Peoples in the Night

Nunu – The Sleep Fairy
Nepal 2003, 3min.
Director: Deependra Gauchan
Music: Gopal Yonjan
Producer: Renchin Yonjan / Nurture Arts Network Initiative
Nunu, the sleep Fairy, takes a mother and her two children into nature’s wondrous world. The sleep fairy is only a representation of the child within us that can still marvel at the sight of fish or frog, that makes us swing with the flowers and fly with the birds.

Choke
Canada 2010, 6 min.
Director/Screenwriter: Michelle Latimer
Producer: Michelle Latimer
Animation: Terril Calder
Producer: Street Films
Languages: -
Upon leaving his First Nations reserve, graffiti artist Jimmy encounters the lost souls of the city and is reminded that no matter how far you travel, you cannot escape who you are. Michelle Latimer’s and Terril Calder’s wistful stop motion animation is dedicated to all those who have lost their identities during their school years.

Kumari – The Living Goddess
Nepal 2010, 8 min.
Director: Prina Raj Joshi
Producer: Perfect Media Production
Languages: English
The air is full of chaos and loud music as thousands of people take to the streets of Kathmandu during the Kumari Jatra festival in search of blessings from the living virgin goddess, Kumari. A young girl, chosen from the caste of Buddha, traditionally blesses the head of the government. The reign of Kumari ends when the girl menstruates for the first time; a new Kumari has to be found and the old one retires.

The Healer
Canada 2010, 15 min.
Director: Jason Krowe
Producer: Silver Krowe Productions
Languages: English
An old healer has no idea what dark secret he will uncover when he agrees to help a woman who is worried about her adoptive son.

22.30

On Saturday night at Hotel Kultahovi, Niillas Holmberg and Roope Mäenpää present Sámi folk/ethno music filled with feeling. Tickets € 7. The concert is supported by the Sámi Music Centre/Sámi Parliament.

10.00

Saame IX: Skábmagovat Goes Nordic

Saame IX: Skábmagovat Goes Nordic
Skábmagovat presents a collection of Sámi short films from the years 2003–2010. After the film festival, the set will tour around at Nordic film festivals.

The Wind Whispers There is Someone Behind the Tundra
Norway 2006, 10 min.
Director: Elle Sofe Henriksen, Ken Are Bongo
Languages: Sámi
Producer: KABongo Productions
A dance trip across time and Sámi culture – inspired by a poem by Synnøve Persen.

Butt-Niillas
Norway 2009, 2 min.
Director/Screenwriter: Per-Josef Idivuoma
Producer: Per-Josef Idivuoma
Languages: English
Čurte-Niillas, or Butt-Niillas, is the saviour of the Sámi, who wants to correct all the injustices of the Western world to the Sámi. He is similar to Batman and Superman, but, unfortunately he is Sámi – as things do not always go so smoothly for the Sámi.

Down and Out
Finland 2005, 17 min.
Director: Virva Guttorm
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
Languages: Finnish; subtitles: English
The film tells about the director, who has returned to Teno Valley after living in the south. She reflects on her sense of alienation between the cultures of her Finnish mother and Sámi father. “It was hard to adjust to life in the south, and even harder to adjust to life here in Sápmi. I have no idea how the Sámi dress should be worn, I don’t understand a word of the language, and I know none of my relatives. I’m down and out: I’m like a stranger in my own culture.”

Rockabilly
Sweden 2006, 9 min.
Director: Liselotte Wajstedt
Producer: Liselotte Wajstedt
Languages: -
Reindeer dance on a snowy field in Northern Sweden, in December, with 25 degrees below zero, on the day that the tsunami hits Thailand. This was the director’s first encounter with reindeer, and the film is a result of her feelings about the meeting.

The Sound of Calves in the Wind
Finland 2003, 8 min.
Director: Anne Marika Lantto
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: English
A poetic story about the hard decision that the director has to make. When his father suddenly dies, she inherits his reindeer and earmark. For the father, reindeer were his life; for the daughter, they become a dream unfulfilled, as she has asthma and is allergic to animals.

Quite An Ugly Frog
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Pia Mikkilä, Jouni West
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
Languages: -
It is not easy to be ugly in the world of beautiful frogs, especially if there are no love calls in your life. Animated black humor from the “top” of Finland.

Came from the Sea
Finland 2008, 1 min.
Director: Sunna Kitti
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: English
A poetic and reflective film by a talented young person.

Heritage
Finland 2007, 5 min.
Director: Kirsti Länsman
Producer: Sámi Education Institute
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: English
A warm story about passing down a tradition: two children, who go to primary school, skin a capercaillie with their grandmother.

Tundra of Árvas
Sweden 2009, 4 min.
Director: Liselotte Wajstedt
Producer: LittleBig Productions
Languages: North Sámi
A woman finds colorful companionship on her drive through the bleak and magical landscape of Northern Sweden. A music video of Sofia Jannok. 

Granny Stumbles
Finland 2008, 3’
Director: Mariann Aikio
Producer: Sámi Education Institute, YLE Sámi Radio
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: English

Reindeer Princess
Norway 2010, 28'
Director: Nils John Porsanger
Producer: Ninne Films AS
Languages: North Sámi; subtitles: English
Ena II is the fastest reindeer in the world and its driver, Anne Risten, a lonely driver in the male-dominated world of reindeer races. The relationship between the woman and the reindeer is close, and difficulties and accidents do not prevent them from winning.

10.00

Australia: In Hate and Love (Second screening)

Australia: In Hate and Love (Second screening)

Stones
USA 2009, 20 min.
Director: Ty Sanga
Producer: Ty Sanga
Languages: Hawaii; subtitles: English
Love is seldom as permanent and eternal as in this love story of beautiful images that is based on a legend from Hawaii.

Lani’s Story
Australia 2009, 51 min.
Director: Genevieve Grieves
Producer: Blackfella Films
Languages: English
A prize-winning documentary that generated heated discussion in its home country, Australia, about the domestic violence experienced by Aborigines. Beaten, raped and oppressed Lani decides to fight to end the cycle of violence that has been going on for generations. Her struggle becomes a touching description of a woman’s, and eventually of love’s, power to overcome.

12.00

Cherokee: The Traces of History

Cherokee: The Traces of History

Free Land
USA 2010, 63 min.
Director: Minda Martin
Producer: Minda Martin
Languages: English
The prize-winning Cherokee director is back with a strong, original documentary. In the film she travels through the history of her family’s poverty all the way from the "Trail of Tears" in the 1800s to the life of her aging father in the present day. Through the generations, including the director’s own generation, her family has travelled on an endless journey from one place to another because someone else has always wanted their land.

12.00

Sámi V: Nevertheless, It Moves (Second screening)

Sámi V: Nevertheless, It Moves (Second screening)

Reborn
Finland 2010, 10 min.
Director/Screenwriter: Suvi Kivelä
Producer: Säämi máttááttâskuávdâš / SOGSAKK
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
Aili Koskinen is one of the some 350 speakers of the Inari Sámi language. After marrying a Finn when young, she almost lost her native language that society in no way supported. Now, as a grandmother, she has experienced the return of the language to herself but also, through language immersion, to her grandchildren. Nevertheless, Inari Sámi is still considered an extremely endangered language by the Unesco.

Warm Shoes
Finland 2010, 15 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
How are reindeer fur shoes made and where does one get the materials for them?

Making Delicacies
Finland 2010, 13 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
How are reindeer blood sausages made and what are their ingredients?

Fishing with Nets in Winter
Finland 2010, 7 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
Fishing with nets from under the ice in winter.

Fishing with Hooks
Finland 2010, 5 min.
Director: Anneli Lappalainen
Producer: Anarâškielâ servi ry
Languages: Inari Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
How and what kind of hooks are placed under the ice to coax fish?

14.00

Canada: imagineNATIVE (Second sreening)

Canada: imagineNATIVE (Second sreening)

Inuit High Kick
Canada 2009, 3 min.
Director: Alethea Arnaquq-Baril
Producer: Unikkaat Studios Inc.
Languages: -
An ancient test of athleticism and skill is dramatically and sensuously portrayed. Arnaquq-Baril is a producer and director from Iqaluit, Nunavut, where she owns the independent production company Unikkaat Studios.

Keeping Quiet
Canada 2010, 9 min.
Director: Shane Anthony Belcourt
Producer: Winnipeg Film Group
A man attempts to fill the void in his life through classified dating in this beautifully sensitive portrayal of love and loneliness. Shane Belcourt (Métis) is an award-winning filmmaker, writer, and musician based in Toronto, and has made the feature film Tkaronto.

Ne le Dis Pas (Do Not Tell)
Canada 2009, 6 min.
Director: Jani Bellefleur-Kaltush
Producer: Wapikoni Mobile
Languages: French; subtitles: English

Lumaajuq
Canada 2010, 7 min.
Director: Alethea Arnaquq-Baril
Producer: National Film Board of Canada
Languages: -
Based on an Inuit legend, this elegant animation recreates a mesmerizing and haunting tale about a boy who is twisted by bitterness and seeks revenge upon his cruel mother. WINNER: Best Canadian Short Film, imagineNATIVE 2010.

Burnt
Canada/Colombia/USA 2009, 14 min.
Director: Alejandro Valbuena
Producer: Aluna Films Co.
Languages: -
Director Alejandro Valbuena (Kogi) interprets childhood memories to create an electric romance between two young men. Forbidden love has never looked this good! Valbuena is a producer, writer and director, born in Bogota, Colombia. WINNER: Best Experimental Film, imagineNATIVE 2010.

File Under Miscellaneous
Canada 2010, 7 min.
Director: Jeff Barnaby
Producer: Prospector Films
Languages: English, Mi'kmaq; subtitles: English
In a dystopian near-future, a destitute Mi'kmaq man submits himself to a gruesome metamorphosis in order to join the supremacy of the ruling race. Inspired by the poem "Walking Around" by Pablo Neruda, Barnaby depicts total compliance as both brutal and chilling. WINNER: Best Indigenous Language Production, imagineNATIVE 2010.

The Heist
Canada 2010, 7 min.
Director: Leena Minifie
Producer: Stories First Productions
Languages: English
Choreographed in the voguing and waacking dance style that evolved out of New York's underground gay club scene in the 1970s, The Heist is a svelte and sassy cat burglar hunt for the ultimate treasure... a diamond studded shoe.

14.00

Sámi VII: The Hard Road to Education (Second screening)

Sámi VII: The Hard Road to Education (Second screening)

Finland Entered Sápmi
Finland 2010, 54 min.
Director: Anja Ahola
Producer: Ima filbma- ja sátneduodji
Languages: Finnish, North Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
After World War II, Sámi children in Finland were taken to boarding schools, where they lived in the midst of an unfamiliar language and culture. They were seldom allowed to go home. It was forbidden to speak Sámi at the dormitories. Teaching was Finnish in nature. Assimilation into Finnish culture lefts its marks in the Sámi. Kirsti Länsman, Matti Morottaja and Iisko Sara who grew up in the dormitories of Inari, Ville Hallikainen whose parents were Finnish teachers, and Kaija Maijala who was the caretaker of the dormitory, reminisce about this traumatic time, recalling how confused and homesick the children were in the strange environment.

16.00

Saame VIII: Sámi VII: Empowering Tunes (Second screening)

Guoros sorbmi
Finland 2010, 4 min.
Director: Jussi Isokoski, Aape Lehtinen
Producer: Tuupa Records
Languages: North Sámi
The band SomBy, whose members come from Vuotso and Inari, won the European minority language song contest Liet in 2009 in the Netherlands. Skábmagovat presents the SomBy’s rock music video.

The Bird of Light
Norway 2010, 49 min.
Director: Liv Inger Somby ja Hans Olav Landsverk
Producer: NRK Sámi Radio
Languages: Sámi, English, Norwegian; subtitles: English
Mari Boine is the internationally best-known Sámi musician; every year, she has more than a hundred concerts all around the world. The documentary tells about the 30-year trip of the artist as the representative of Sámi culture and music between busy cities and the quiet fells of Sápmi. “I want to share my secrets with you, and you will see how I am filled with power upon entering my songs and music.”

16.00

Sámi III: The Wisdom of Headwind (Second screening)

Sámi III: The Wisdom of Headwind (Second screening)

Jon: Facing the Winds
France/Sweden 2010, 59 min.
Director: Corto Fajal
Producer: Sami Kompania AB/ Arwestud Films
Languages: Sámi, French, Swedish; subtitles: English
A documentary on the yearly cycle of a Sámi reindeer herder, composed jointly by filmmakers from Brittany and Sápmi.

18.00

Treasures from the Archives: The People of Four Countries (Second screening)

Treasures from the Archives: The People of Four Countries (Second screening)

Where Do You Come From?
Finland 1963, 4 min.
Director: Kirsti Lindberg
Screenwriter: Nilla Outakoski
Producer: Suomen Televisio
Languages: -
An early info-in-a-nutshell by Suomen Yleisradio on the traditional Sámi clothing. Screenwriting by the Sámi Nilla Outakoski.

Sámi as Soviet Citizens
Finland 1974, 30 min.
Director: Aarre Nojonen
Producer: Yleisradio TV 1
Languages: Finnish, Russian; subtitles: Finnish
A report by the Moscow correspondent of YLE on the Sámi of Kola Peninsula during the period of Leonid Brezhnev and the Sovyet Union in 1974.

The Last Line of Reindeer
Finland 1974, 24 min.
Director: Marjaleena Lampela
Producer: Yleisradio TV 1
Languages: Finnish
A portrait of Sara Ranta-Rönnlund, a Sámi woman who was both a reindeer herder and an author.

Sápmi, My Little Bird
Finland 1982, 40 min.
Director: Juhani Valasvaara
Producer: Yleisradio TV 2
Languages: Sámi; subtitles: Finnish
Accompanied by Paroni Paakkunainen’s orchestra, Ántte Áilu Gaup and Nils-Aslak Valkeapää yoik memories from two migration trips to the highlands of Norway. This year, it will be 10 years since Valkeapää, the father of the Sámi renaissance, died.

18.00

Nenets: A Future Torn (Aslak, Avvil)

Nenets: A Future Torn (Aslak, Avvil)

Pudana, Last of the Line
Finland 2010, 84 min.
Director/Screenwriter: Anastasia Lapsui, Markku Lehmuskallio
Producer: Illume Oy, Pertti Veijalainen, Jouko Aaltonen
Languages: Nenets, Russia; subtitles: English
The movie that won first prize in the Créteil Festival of Women’s Films in France is a bleak story about a Nenets girl and her change and upbringing and the stripping of her identity on the Yamal Peninsula during the Soviet years. The story of the young Nenets girl Neko, who is taken from her home against her will to a Russian boarding school, is based on the childhood memories of the director, Anastasia Lapsui. Forced into the mould of a strange culture, Neko rebels against Russification. Her schoolmates begin mocking her, and the teachers pick on her. Together with a boy who goes to the same school, Neko decides to escape to the wintery tundra.

Films for students (Aslak, Avvil)

Films for students (Aslak, Avvil)